Commentary on the Book of Philemon

The Book of Philemon is a short, personal letter written by the Apostle Paul to Philemon, a wealthy Christian and slave owner. This letter, consisting of only 25 verses, the second in the list of one-chapter books of the Bible, addresses a delicate situation involving Onesimus, Philemon's runaway slave who has become a Christian under Paul's ministry.

Verses 1-3: Greeting and Introduction

Paul begins his letter with a warm greeting to Philemon, Apphia (likely Philemon's wife), Archippus (possibly their son), and the church that meets in their home.

1 Paul, a prisoner of Jesus Christ, and Timothy our brother, unto Philemon our dearly beloved, and fellowlabourer, 2 And to our beloved Apphia, and Archippus our fellowsoldier, and to the church in thy house: 3 Grace to you, and peace, from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ. (Philemon 1-3, KJV)

This introduction sets a tone of friendship and mutual respect, which Paul will leverage in his appeal for Onesimus.

Verses 4-7: Commendation of Philemon's Faith and Love

Paul expresses his gratitude for Philemon's faith and love, acknowledging the positive impact Philemon has had on other believers.

4 I thank my God, making mention of thee always in my prayers, 5 Hearing of thy love and faith, which thou hast toward the Lord Jesus, and toward all saints; 6 That the communication of thy faith may become effectual by the acknowledging of every good thing which is in you in Christ Jesus. 7 For we have great joy and consolation in thy love, because the bowels of the saints are refreshed by thee, brother. (Philemon 4-7, KJV)

By praising Philemon's character, Paul is subtly preparing him for the request he's about to make.

Verses 8-16: Paul's Appeal for Onesimus

Here, Paul presents his main purpose for writing: to appeal on behalf of Onesimus. He could command Philemon but chooses to appeal to his love instead.

8 Wherefore, though I might be much bold in Christ to enjoin thee that which is convenient, 9 Yet for love's sake I rather beseech thee, being such an one as Paul the aged, and now also a prisoner of Jesus Christ. 10 I beseech thee for my son Onesimus, whom I have begotten in my bonds: 11 Which in time past was to thee unprofitable, but now profitable to thee and to me: 12 Whom I have sent again: thou therefore receive him, that is, mine own bowels: 13 Whom I would have retained with me, that in thy stead he might have ministered unto me in the bonds of the gospel: 14 But without thy mind would I do nothing; that thy benefit should not be as it were of necessity, but willingly. 15 For perhaps he therefore departed for a season, that thou shouldest receive him for ever; 16 Not now as a servant, but above a servant, a brother beloved, specially to me, but how much more unto thee, both in the flesh, and in the Lord? (Philemon 8-16, KJV)

Paul reveals that Onesimus has become a Christian and is now spiritually Paul's "son." He asks Philemon to receive Onesimus back, not as a slave, but as a beloved brother in Christ.

Verses 17-20: The Cost of Forgiveness

Paul offers to repay any debt Onesimus might owe Philemon, illustrating the concept of substitutionary atonement.

17 If thou count me therefore a partner, receive him as myself. 18 If he hath wronged thee, or oweth thee ought, put that on mine account; 19 I Paul have written it with mine own hand, I will repay it: albeit I do not say to thee how thou owest unto me even thine own self besides. 20 Yea, brother, let me have joy of thee in the Lord: refresh my bowels in the Lord. (Philemon 17-20, KJV)

This gesture mirrors Christ's payment for our sins, adding theological depth to Paul's practical request.

Verses 21-25: Conclusion and Final Greetings

Paul expresses confidence in Philemon's obedience and hints at a possible visit. He concludes with greetings from his fellow workers and a benediction.

21 Having confidence in thy obedience I wrote unto thee, knowing that thou wilt also do more than I say. 22 But withal prepare me also a lodging: for I trust that through your prayers I shall be given unto you. 23 There salute thee Epaphras, my fellowprisoner in Christ Jesus; 24 Marcus, Aristarchus, Demas, Lucas, my fellowlabourers. 25 The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with your spirit. Amen. Written from Rome to Philemon, by Onesimus a servant. (Philemon 21-25, KJV)

The letter ends on a note of grace, reminding all parties of their shared faith in Christ.

Themes and Significance

While Paul doesn't explicitly condemn slavery, his treatment of Onesimus as a brother and his appeal to Philemon lay the groundwork for a radical reevaluation of human relationships in light of the Gospel.

Conclusion

The Book of Philemon provides a window into early Christian social dynamics and demonstrates how the Gospel can transform not only individuals but also human relationships and societal structures. It challenges readers to consider how their faith should impact their treatment of others, especially in situations involving forgiveness, reconciliation, and social inequalities.